Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 20, ISSUE 3, PS46-S52, May 1995

History of flexor tendon repair

  • Author Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
    Harold E. Kleinert
    Correspondence
    Reprint requests: H.E. Kleiner, MD, 225 Abraham Fleyner Way, Suite 800, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
    Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
    Affiliations
    Louisville, KY, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
    Saulius Špokevičius
    Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
    Affiliations
    Vilnius, Lithuania, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
    Nicholas H. Papas
    Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
    Affiliations
    Akron, OH, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    1 From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, and Indiana University/Purdue University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, the Baltic-American Medical and Surgical Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, OH.
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of Hand Surgery
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Adamson JE
        • Wilson JN
        The history of flexor tendon grafting.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1961; 43A: 709-716
        • Gratz CM
        The history of tendon suture.
        Med J Record. 1928; 127 (Feb 1 and 15): 156-157
        • Gratz CM
        The history of tendon suture.
        Med J Record. 1928; 127: 213-215
        • Bunnell S
        Reconstructive surgery of the hand.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1924; 39: 259
        • Bunnell S
        Repair of nerves and tendons of the hands.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1928; 10: 1
        • Mason ML
        Primary and secondary tendon suture. A discussion of the significance of technique in tendon surgery.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1940; 70: 392
        • Koch SL
        Division of the flexor tendons within the digital sheath.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1944; 78: 9-22
        • Boyes JH
        Immediate vs. delayed repair of the digital flexor tendons.
        Ann West Med Surg. 1947; 1: 145-152
        • Littler JW
        Free tendon grafts in secondary flexor tendon repair.
        Am J Surg. 1947; 74: 315-321
        • Kyle JB
        • Eyre-Brook AL
        The surgical treatment of flexor tendon injuries in the hand.
        Br J Surg. 1954; 41: 502-511
        • Boyes JH
        Evaluation of results of digital flexor tendon grafts.
        Am J Surg. 1955; 89: 1116
        • Allen HS
        Management of laceration of the flexor tendons within the digits.
        Surg Clin North Am. 1955; 35: 189-194
        • White WL
        Secondary restoration of finger flexion by digital tendon grafts.
        Am J Surg. 1956; 91: 662-668
        • Mason MI
        Primary tendon repair. (editorial).
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1959; 41A: 575
        • Boyes JH
        Why tendon repair? (editorial).
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1959; 41A: 577
        • Fowler SB
        The management of tendon injuries. (editorial).
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1959; 41A: 579
        • Holm CL
        • Embick RP
        Anatomical considerations in the primary treatment of tendon injuries of the hand.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1959; 41A: 599-608
        • Mayer L
        The physiological method of tendon transplantation.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1916; 22: 182-192
        • Mason ML
        • Shearon CG
        The process of tendon repair—an experimental study of tendon suture and tendon graft.
        Arch Surg. 1932; 25: 615
        • Mason ML
        • Allen HS
        The rate of healing of tendons. An experimental study of tensile strength.
        Ann Surg. 1941; 113: 424-459
        • Potenza AD
        Tendon healing within the flexor digital sheath in the dog.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1962; 44A: 49-64
        • Potenza AD
        Critical evaluation of flexor tendon healing and adhesion formation without artificial digital sheaths. An experimental study.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1963; 45A: 1217-1233
        • Potenza AD
        The healing process in wounds of the digital flexor tendons and tendon grafts. An experimental study.
        in: Verdan C Tendon surgery of the hand. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh1979: 40-54
        • Siler VE
        Primary tenorrhaphy of the flexor tendons in the hand.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1950; 32A: 218-225
        • Kelly Jr, AP
        A study of 789 consecutive tendon severances.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1959; 41A: 581-598
        • Verdan CE
        Primary repair of flexor tendons.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1960; 42A: 647-657
        • Young RES
        • Harmon JM
        Repair of tendon injuries of the hand.
        Ann Surg. 1960; 151: 562-566
        • Kleinert HE
        • Kutz JE
        • Ashbell TS
        • et al.
        Primary repair of lacerated flexor tendon in no man's land (abstract).
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1967; 49A: 577
        • Peacock Jr, EE
        Biological principles in the healing of long tendons.
        Surg Clin North Am. 1965; 45: 461
        • Matthews P
        • Richards H
        The repair potential of digital flexor tendons. An experimental study.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1974; 56B: 618-625
        • Lundborg G
        Experimental flexor tendon healing without adhesion formation—a new concept of tendon nutrition and intrinsic healing mechanisms.
        Hand. 1976; 8: 235
        • Lundborg G
        • Rydevik B
        The vascularization of human flexor tendons within the digital synovial sheath region—structural and functional aspects.
        J Hand Surg. 1977; 2: 417-427
        • Lundborg G
        • Rank F
        Experimental intrinsic healing of flexor tendons based upon synovial fluid nutrition.
        J Hand Surg. 1978; 3: 21-31
        • Lundborg G
        • Holm S
        • Myrhage R
        The role of the synovial fluid and tendon sheath for flexor tendon nutrition.
        Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980; 14: 99-107
        • Matev I
        • Karagancheva S
        • Trichkova P
        • et al.
        Delayed primary suture of flexor tendons cut in the digital theca.
        Hand. 1980; 12: 158-162
        • Manske PR
        • Lesker PA
        Flexor tendon nutrition.
        Hand Clin. 1985; 1: 13-24
        • Manske PR
        Flexor tendon healing.
        J Hand Surg. 1988; 13B: 237-245
        • Hunter JM
        Anatomy of flexor tendons—pulley, vincular, synovia, and vascular structures.
        in: Spinner M Kaplan's functional and surgical anatomy of the hand. 3rd ed. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia1984: 65-92
        • Bunnell S
        Repair of tendons in the fingers and description of two new instruments.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1918; 26: 103-110
        • Bunnell S
        Repair of tendons in the fingers.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1922; 35: 88-98
        • Kirchmayr L
        Zur Technik der Sehnennaht.
        in: Garre Perthes Borchard Zentralblatt für Chirurgie. 44. Jahrgang Nr. 27–52 Juli–Dezember. Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig1917: 906-907
        • Kessler L
        The “grasping technique” for tendon repair.
        Hand. 1973; 5: 253-255
        • Tsuge K
        • Hoshikazu I
        • Matsuishi Y
        Repair of flexor tendons by intratendinous suture.
        J Hand Surg. 1977; 2: 436-440
        • Mayer L
        Repair of severed tendons.
        Am J Surg. 1938; 12: 714
        • Graham WC
        Flexor tendon grafts to the finger and thumb.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1947; 29: 553-559
        • Bunnell S
        Gig pull-out suture for tendons.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1954; 36A: 850-851
        • Pulvertaft RG
        Tendon grafts for flexor tendon injuries in the fingers and thumb.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1956; 38B: 175-194
        • Pulvertaft RG
        Suture materials and tendon junctures.
        Am J Surg. 1965; 109: 346-352
        • Tubiana R
        Incisions and techniques in tendon grafting.
        Am J Surg. 1965; 109: 339-345
        • Bruner JM
        The zigzag volar digital incision for flexor tendon surgery.
        Plast Reconstr Surg. 1967; 40: 571
        • Verdan CE
        Half a century of flexor tendon surgery.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1972; 54: 472-491
        • Kleinert HE
        • Kutz JE
        • Atasoy E
        • et al.
        Primary repair of flexor tendons.
        Orthop Clin North Am. 1973; 4: 865
        • Kleinert HE
        • Kutz JE
        • Cohen MJ
        Primary repair of zone 2 flexor tendon lacerations.
        in: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Symposium on tendon surgery in the hand. C.V. Mosby, St. Louis1975: 91-104
        • Duran RJ
        • Houser RG
        Controlled passive motion following flexor tendon repair in zones 2 and 3.
        in: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Symposium on tendon surgery in the hand. C.V. Mosby, St. Louis1975: 105-114
        • Lister GD
        • Kleinert HE
        • Kutz JE
        • et al.
        Primary flexor tendon repair followed by immediate controlled mobilization.
        J Hand Surg. 1977; 2: 441-451
        • Schneider LH
        • Hunter JM
        • Norris TR
        • et al.
        Delayed flexor tendon repair in no man's land.
        J Hand Surg. 1977; 2: 452-455
        • Kleinert HE
        • Schepel S
        • Gill T
        Flexor tendon injuries.
        Surg Clin North Am. 1981; 61: 267-286
        • Savage R
        • Risitano G
        Flexor tendon repair using a “six strand” method of repair and early active mobilisation.
        J Hand Surg. 1989; 14B: 396-399
        • Lee H
        Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part 1. Evolution of technique and experimental study.
        J Hand Surg. 1990; 15A: 945-952
        • Mashadi Z
        • Amis A
        Strength of the suture in the epitenon and within the tendon fibres: development of strong peripheral suture techniques.
        J Hand Surg. 1992; 17B: 172-175
        • Silfverskiold KL
        • Anderson C
        Two new methods of tendon repair: an in-vitro evaluation of tensile strength and gap formation.
        J Hand Surg. 1993; 18A: 58-65
        • Silfverskiold KL
        • May EJ
        Flexor tendon repair in zone II with a new suture technique and an early mobilization program combining passive and active flexion.
        J Hand Surg. 1994; 19A: 53-60
        • Hunter JM
        Artificial tendons, early development and application.
        Am J Surg. 1965; 109: 325-338
        • Hunter JM
        • Salisbury RE
        Use of gliding artificial implants to produce tendon sheaths. Techniques and results in children.
        Plast Reconstr Surg. 1970; 45: 564-572
        • Hunter JM
        • Salisbury RE
        Flexor tendon reconstruction in severely damaged hands.
        J Bone Joint Surg. 1971; 53A: 829-858
        • Hunter JM
        • Singer DI
        • Jaeger SH
        • et al.
        Active tendon implants in flexor tendon reconstruction.
        J Hand Surg. 1988; 13A: 849-859
        • Werntz JR
        • Chesher SP
        • Breidenbach WC
        • et al.
        A new dynamic splint for postoperative treatment of flexor tendon injury.
        J Hand Surg. 1989; 14A: 559-566
        • Small J
        • Brenne M
        • Colville J
        Early active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in zone 2.
        J Hand Surg. 1989; 14B: 383-391
        • Kleinert HE
        • Verdan CE
        Report of the Committee on Tendon Injuries.
        J Hand Surg. 1983; 8: 794-798
        • Strickland JW
        Results of flexor tendon surgery in Zone II.
        Hand Clin. 1985; 1: 167-179
        • Buck-Gramcko D
        A new method for evaluation of results in flexor tendon repair.
        Handchirurgie. 1976; 8: 65-69