Spastic shoulder deformity in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome results from
an imbalance of muscle forces about the shoulder girdle. In typical spastic deformities,
the shoulder assumes an adducted and internally rotated posture. The severity of the
deformity can range over a spectrum depending on the involved muscle groups, degree
of spasticity, and presence of myostatic and/or joint contractures. Surgical options
to correct the spastic shoulder deformity can be broadly classified as procedures
for the functional versus nonfunctional shoulder or, in other words, preserved versus
absent volitional motor control, respectively. Techniques include tenotomy, fractional
lengthening, tenodesis, and periarticular soft tissue release. A focused physical
examination is imperative in developing a patient-specific treatment algorithm.
Key words
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References
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 03, 2022
Accepted:
March 16,
2022
Received:
October 6,
2021
Footnotes
No benefits in any form have been received or will be received related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
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© 2022 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights reserved.