Purpose
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Type of study/level of evidence
Key words
Materials and Methods
National Records of Scotland. Scotland Census 2011. Crown; 2011. Accessed May 12, 2015. Available at: http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/
Psychological measures
Outcome measures
- Dixon D.
- Johnston M.
- McQueen M.
- Court-Brown C.
Cohort

Statistical methods
Results
Psychological Factor | Distal Radius Fracture Study Cohort, Mean (Range, SD, 95% CI) | Reference Normative Population Scores | Reference Chronic Pain Population Scores |
---|---|---|---|
PCS | 6.9 (0–47, 9.1, 6–8) | 12 (0–52, 9.1) 29 | 20.9 (0–50, 12.5) 30 Sullivan MJL. The pain catastrophising scale user manual. Accessed January 16, 2017. http://sullivan-painresearch.mcgill.ca/pdf/pcs/PCSManual_English.pdf |
HADS Depression | 3.1 (0–15, 3.2, 2.7–3.6) | Female 4.1 (3.8) 21 Male 3.8 (3.7) 31 | 8.1 32 |
HADS Anxiety | 4.6 (0–16, 3.5, 4.1–5.1) | Female 6.8 (4.2) 31 Male 5.5 (4) 31 | 9.3 32 |
TSK | 37.9 (22–55, 6, 37–39) | n/a | 41.2 (9.4) 33 |
PCL-C (PTSD) | 23.6 (17–71, 9.5, 22–25) | Gunshot wound 30 (22–48) 34 Assault 30 (23–53) 34 Fall 21 (18–28) 34 | 35 (13) 35 |
IPQB | 33 (0–61, 12, 31–34) | n/a | n/a |
GSES | 31.9 (12–40, 5.3, 31–33) | n/a | 29 (6) 36 |
RLOC | 35.6 (20–45, 4.9, 35–36) | n/a | n/a |
Radiographic Parameters at 10 Weeks | n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Study Cohort | Incomplete Follow-Up | |
n = 216 | n = 72 | |
Radiocarpal alignment maintained | ||
Yes | 151 (70) | 55 (76) |
No | 65 (30) | 17 (24) |
Dorsal tilt degrees Mean (range, SD, 95% CI) | 0 (−39 to 43, 14, −2 to 2) | −2 (−12 to 31, 11, −5 to 1) |
Ulnar variance, mm Mean (range, SD, 95% CI) | 1 (−4 to 11, 3, 1–2) | 1 (−7 to 10, 2, 0–1) |
Disability and pain
Multivariable regression analysis
Variable | Regression Coefficient (Unstandardized) | Standardized Coefficient | 95% Confidence Limits | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
DASH score at 10 weeks | ||||
Age (increased age with higher DASH) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 to 0.5 | <.05 |
SIMD quintile 1 (most deprived) | 9.7 | 0.2 | 2.0 to 17.4 | <.05 |
HADS Depression | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 to 2.6 | <.05 |
IPQB | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 to 0.7 | <.05 |
Nerve pathology | 16.0 | 0.1 | 3.3 to 28.6 | <.05 |
RLOC | −0.6 | −0.1 | −1.1 to −0.1 | <.05 |
Sex (female with higher DASH score) | 1.7 | 0.0 | −3.9 to 7.4 | .548 |
Number of medical comorbidities | 0.6 | 0.0 | −0.8 to 2.1 | .396 |
Fracture at multiple site in body | 2.0 | 0.0 | −6.1 to 10.1 | .627 |
Dorsal tilt | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.2 | .581 |
Radial shortening | 0.8 | 0.5 | −0.2 to 1.2 | .107 |
Radiocarpal alignment | 0.4 | 2.7 | −4.8 to 5.6 | .886 |
PCS | 0.0 | 0.2 | −0.3 to 0.4 | .787 |
HADS Anxiety | −0.6 | 0.4 | −1.4 to 0.3 | .186 |
PTSD | 0.1 | 0.2 | −0.3 to 0.5 | .739 |
TSK | −0.1 | 0.2 | −0.6 to 0.4 | .785 |
GSES | 0.1 | 0.3 | −0.4 to 0.7 | .581 |
Time to follow-up | −1.0 | 0.6 | −2.1 to 0.2 | .091 |
DASH score at 9 months | ||||
SIMD quintile 1 (most deprived) | 10.1 | 0.2 | 2.1 to 18.1 | <.05 |
HADS Depression | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 to 2.5 | <.05 |
Age (increased age with higher DASH score) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 to 0.3 | <.05 |
Number of medical comorbidities | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 3.2 | <.05 |
Radial shortening | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 2.1 | <.05 |
RLOC | −0.6 | −0.1 | −1.2 to −0.1 | <.05 |
Sex (female with higher DASH score) | 4.9 | 3.0 | −1.1 to 10.8 | .109 |
Dorsal tilt | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.2 to 0.3 | .683 |
Radiocarpal alignment | 0.4 | 2.7 | −5.0 to 5.8 | .887 |
AO-OTA Group B | −3.4 | 3.3 | −9.9 to 3.0 | .295 |
Nerve pathology | 12.2 | 6.7 | −1.0 to 25.4 | .070 |
PCS | −0.1 | 0.2 | −0.4 to 0.2 | .454 |
HADS Anxiety | −0.2 | 0.4 | −1.1 to 0.7 | .646 |
PTSD | 0.3 | 0.2 | −0.1 to 0.7 | .134 |
TSK | −0.1 | 0.3 | −0.6 to 0.4 | .676 |
IPQB | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.4 | .365 |
GSES | 0.0 | 0.3 | −0.5 to 0.5 | .972 |
Time to follow-up | −0.3 | 0.4 | −1.1 to 0.5 | .429 |
Variable | Regression Coefficient | Standardized Coefficient | 95% Confidence Limits | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
NRS pain score at 10 weeks | ||||
IPQB | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 to 0.1 | <.05 |
SIMD quintile 1 (most deprived) | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 to 2.0 | <.05 |
Sex (female with higher score) | 0.1 | 0.4 | −0.6 to 0.8 | .756 |
Number of medical comorbidities | −0.0 | 0.1 | −0.2 to 0.2 | .875 |
Nerve pathology | 0.7 | 0.8 | −1.0 to 2.3 | .415 |
Radiocarpal alignment | −0.1 | 0.3 | −0.7 to 0.6 | .881 |
Radial shortening | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 to 0.2 | .157 |
Dorsal angulation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | .102 |
PCS | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.1 | .245 |
HADS Depression | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.1 | .974 |
HADS Anxiety | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.2 | .340 |
PTSD | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.1 | .847 |
TSK | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1 to 0.1 | .774 |
GSES | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1 to 0.1 | .688 |
RLOC | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1 to 0.0 | .219 |
Time to follow-up | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.3 to 0.0 | .050 |
NRS pain score at 9 months | ||||
Number of medical comorbidities | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 to 0.4 | <.05 |
Sex (female with higher score) | 0.1 | 0.4 | −0.7 to 0.9 | .814 |
Radial shortening | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.2 | .329 |
Dorsal angulation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | .354 |
PCS | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | .894 |
HADS Depression | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.2 | .627 |
HADS Anxiety | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.1 | .650 |
PTSD | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.1 | .330 |
IPQB | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.1 | .166 |
GSES | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1 to 0.1 | .923 |
RLOC | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0. to 0.0 | .450 |
AO-OTA Group C | 0.4 | 0.4 | −0.4 to 1.1 | .361 |
Discussion
- Dixon D.
- Johnston M.
- McQueen M.
- Court-Brown C.
- Dixon D.
- Johnston M.
- McQueen M.
- Court-Brown C.
Supplementary Data
- Appendix 1
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