Purpose
This study investigated the influence of periosteal tissue of different origins on
the calcification at the diaphysis and chondrocyte maturation at the epiphysis in
an engineered phalanx. We hypothesized that the periosteum from long bones would better
provide donor cells for bone formation and signals for maturation of the joint cartilage.
Methods
Periosteum was harvested from 4 locations (cranium, mandible, radius, and ilium) of
calf bones. A human phalangeal bone-shaped, biodegradable, 3-dimensional scaffold
hydroxyapatite-poly L-lactic-ɛ-caprolactone (HA-P[LA/CL]) was prepared using a human
phalangeal bone-shaped template. A bioengineered human phalanx was fabricated by combining
periosteal grafts with biodegradable copolymers. The joint cartilage region (chondrocyte/polyglycolic
acid [PGA] composite) was subsequently sutured to the phalangeal bone region (periosteum/HA-P[LA/CL]
composite) with absorbable sutures to make a human phalangeal bone model. These were
then implanted in nude mice for maturation of the constructs. Macroscopic, radiographic,
histological, and immune-histochemical evaluations were carried out to determine the
relative influence of the periosteal graft source on bone and cartilage formation
at 10 and 20 weeks after implantation.
Results
Calcification localized under the periosteum was noted in the cranium, radius, and
ilium groups after 10 weeks, which markedly expanded at the modelled diaphysis after
20 weeks. The width in the minor axis direction tended to increase with time after
grafting in the cranium group, whereas the longitudinal length increased in the radius
and ilium groups. The joint cartilage thickness changed with time depending on the
type of periosteum, and periosteum collected from the radius and ilium was associated
with the greatest cartilage thickness in the joint cartilage maturation process.
Conclusions
These results suggest that periosteum collected from radius of calves demonstrated
superior bone formation and chondrocyte maturation in the engineered phalanx compared
with other sources of periosteum.
Clinical relevance
The osteogenic capacity depends on the periosteal source regardless of intramembranous
or endochondral ossification. The appropriate periosteal choice is essential in the
phalangeal bone and cartilage tissue engineering. The results are important for broadening
tissue engineering possibilities for clinical application.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 19, 2019
Accepted:
February 4,
2019
Received:
January 19,
2018
Footnotes
No benefits in any form have been received or will be received related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
Identification
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