Dissatisfaction with the Swanson (International Federation of Societies for Surgery
of the Hand [IFSSH]) Classification of Congenital Anomalies of the Hand and Upper
Limb prompted a number of hand surgeons and anatomical pathologists to consider alternatives.
1
The Swanson classification and its modifications were first presented in the 1960s
according to the understanding of limb development and causation of limb anomalies
present at the time. It has been effective and useful.
2
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Hand SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Classification and developmental biology of congenital anomalies of the hand and upper extremity.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009; 91: 3-18
- A classification for congenital limb malformation.J Hand Surg Am. 1983; 8: 693-702
- Views on the Oberg-Manske-Tonkin classification for congenital anomalies of the hand and upper limb.J Hand Surg Am. 2017;
- Developmental biology and classification of congenital anomalies of the hand and upper extremity.J Hand Surg Am. 2010; 35: 2066-2076
- IFSSH Scientific Committee on Congenital Conditions.J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2014; 39: 676-678
- Epidemiology of congenital upper limb anomalies in a midwest United States population: an assessment using the Oberg, Manske, and Tonkin classification.J Hand Surg Am. 2015; 40: 127-132.e1–2
- Teratogenic relationship between polydactyly, syndactyly and cleft hand.J Hand Surg Br. 1990; 15: 201-209
- Modified IFSSH classification.J Jpn Soc Surg Hand. 2000; 17: 353-365
Article info
Footnotes
No benefits in any form have been received or will be received related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights reserved.
