Journal of Hand Surgery
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 435-448, May 1999

Therapeutic modalities in hand surgery☆☆☆★★★

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centura Rehabilitation, St Mary Corwin Medical Center, Pueblo, CO; and the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, UCLA-VA Multicampus Residency Program, West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Center, West Los Angeles, CA

Received 24 April 1998; received in revised form 14 January 1999; accepted 14 January 1999.

Abstract 

Therapeutic modalities are useful adjuncts in the rehabilitation of many patients commonly seen by hand surgeons. Therapeutic heat, cold, electrical stimulation, and laser and magnetic field treatments are evaluated for their respective mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and clinical results. The majority of therapeutic modalities have been extensively investigated and relevant basic science and randomized well-controlled clinical studies addressing the efficacy of therapeutic modalities are emphasized. (J Hand Surg 1999;24A:435–448. Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.)

Keywords:  Heat, cold, ultrasound, iontophoresis, phonophoresis, magnetic therapy

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☆ Reprint requests: John H. Bissell, MD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St Mary Corwin Medical Center, 1008 Minnequa Ave, Pueblo, CO 81004.

☆☆ No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.

★ J Hand Surg 1999;24A:435–448.

★★ 0363-5023/99/24A03-0020$3.00/0

PII: S0363-5023(99)87325-0

doi:10.1053/jhsu.1999.0435

Journal of Hand Surgery
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 435-448, May 1999

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